Eight Negations

Nagarjuna's philosophy of Madhyamika proposed that things are without essence and have existence only as they relate to other things. Thus, to say that things exist is not true, and to say that things don't exist is not true.

The Eight Negations express Madhyamika -- the "middle way" -- between dualisms:

1. No cessation
2. No arising
3. No annihilation
4. No permanence
5. Not one
6. Not many
7. No coming
8. No going